When it comes to creating a portfolio that is prepared for all economic regimes, is it possible that investors can improve upon the Ray Dalio All Weather Portfolio?
Hmmm.
An even better umbrella to handle the rain in an all-weather scenario?
Now that would be a tall order.
In many ways the Ray Dalio All Weather Portfolio is the pinnacle of diversification – especially when compared to the classic 60/40 portfolio.
Firstly, it isn’t nearly as risky as the balanced 60/40 portfolio given that its equity allocation is shaved down.
Secondly, it allocates a greater percentage of its portfolio to bonds in order to provide stability.
Thirdly, it has an alternative sleeve of gold and commodities protecting the portfolio from stagflation.
We’re witnessing in real-time the Achilles heel of the 60/40 portfolio in 2022.
When stocks and bonds are no longer correlated the so-called Titanic suddenly starts sinking.
But beating the tar out of the milquetoast 60/40 folio is kind of low-hanging fruit, isn’t it?
Indeed.
Let’s get back on track here.
Can we improve upon the Ray Dalio All Weather Portfolio, in such a manner, that we can enhance returns and stabilize overall risk management and diversification?
I think so.
Here are 10 ways we’re going to attempt it.
Hey guys! Here is the part where I mention I’m a travel vlogger! This investing opinion blog post is entirely for entertainment purposes only. There could be considerable errors in the data I gathered. This is not financial advice. Do your own due diligence and research. Consult with a financial advisor.
10 Ways to Improve the Ray Dalio All Weather Portfolio
All Weather Portfolio Introduction
Before we look at improving the Ray Dalio All Weather Portfolio let’s first examine what it is in its original form.
The Ray Dalio All Weather Portfolio is a portfolio that moves beyond merely stocks and bonds with the addition of gold and commodities as an alternative sleeve.
The purpose of the portfolio is to perform in all economic environments as opposed to just inflationary boom and disinflationary boom regimes.
Relative to a 60/40, the all weather portfolio reduces its exposure to equities, increases its exposure to bonds and adds both commodities and gold in an attempt to balance its risk/reward profile in such a manner that it offers investors protection during inflationary stagnation and deflationary bust economic regimes.
Ray Dalio All Weather Portfolio Allocations
US Stock Market = 30%
Long Term Treasury = 40%
Intermediate Term Treasury = 15%
Gold = 7.5%
Commodities = 7.5%
With equities limited to just 30% and bonds making up 55% of the portfolio, the all-weather allocation is instantly more conservative than most other portfolios that are more aggressive with equities.
Uncorrelated asset classes of gold/commodities round out the portfolio with 7.5% slices each.
In my opinion, this all-weather portfolio is a diversification masterpiece, (relatively speaking) compared to what 90% of most investors have going for them.
The results of this portfolio in the picture perfect portfolio challenge (leveraged portfolios battle) at the 1X. 2X, 3X and 4X level speaks for itself.
It dominated.
This is a robust regime ready portfolio that can handle all economic conditions in addition to high amounts of leverage as well.
But that doesn’t mean it can’t be enhanced.
And so let’s explore that now.
Source: YouTube on Investopedia Channel
These asset allocation ideas and model portfolios presented herein are purely for entertainment purposes only. This is NOT investment advice. These models are hypothetical and are intended to provide general information about potential ways to organize a portfolio based on theoretical scenarios and assumptions. They do not take into account the investment objectives, financial situation/goals, risk tolerance and/or specific needs of any particular individual.
1) Add Global Equities To The All-Weather Portfolio
Maybe the most obvious place to start would be going from a US only equity allocation to diversifying globally.
In the past decade, investors who have gone global (as opposed to being US-centric), have by and large been frustrated with the results.
However, when considered through the lens of the early 2000s, diversification was the key ingredient that kept your equity sleeve above water.
The idea here isn’t to pick which region of the world is going to be the winner over the coming years/decades but rather have it spread out so broadly as to not guess at all.
One of the most informative self-education moments throughout my journey as a DIY investor, has been to pick up vintage investing books that weren’t recently published.
Open up an investing book published in the mid 90s and you’ll likely find information on how investing abroad in the 70s would have prevented a lost decade.
If diversification is your only free lunch as an investor then avoiding to succumb to home country bias should be an absolute no brainer of an upgrade.
This is low hanging fruit my friends.
I’ll gladly accept this “easy upgrade” by going from US centric equities to a globally diversified portfolio featuring both significant EAFE and Emerging market exposure.
2) Minimum Volatility Equities Upgrade To The All-Weather Portfolio
Can we further optimize our equity sleeve of our Ray Dalio inspired all-weather portfolio?
I believe so.
Let’s explore factor optimization.
Given our mandate of creating an enhanced Ray Dalio All-Weather portfolio, we’re specifically looking for ways to drive performance while smoothing out the ride.
What can help make the equity investing journey a little less bumpy?
Factors.
Specifically, defensive factors.
Yield.
Quality.
Minimum Volatility.
Amongst the three mentioned above, the most defensive of them all is minimum volatility.
From the time period of 1999 to 2020, Global market cap weighted equities had a standard deviation of 16, Yield scored 15, Quality hovered around 14 and World Minimum Volatility was a defensive stalwart coming in at 11.
Given our mandate of making the Ray Dalio All Weather Portfolio an enhanced version of itself, we’ll take the 5 standard deviation points of risk improvement and say thank you very much.
Thus, at this point, we’ve now moved away from “home country bias” US only equities to global and we’ve upgraded from market-cap weighted to minimum volatility to bolster our defence.
Yummy.
So far.
Source: YouTube on Investopedia Channel
3) Expand The Canvas Of The All-Weather Portfolio
Now that we’ve optimized our equites in two different ways, it’s time to turn our attention to the rest of the portfolio.
What does an artist need to paint a beautiful picture?
A canvas.
Our canvas has been confined to 100%.
Let’s change that right now.
We’ll expand it to 200%.
But with the explicit caveat of not adding more of what we’ve already got in the portfolio.
No scooping extra mashed potatoes on top of the previous pile.
Instead we’re going to use this extra space to add additional diversifying elements to the portfolio.
But before we do this let’s examine why it’s even a potentially good idea (or not) to add leverage to the Ray Dalio All Weather portfolio.
For that we’ll need to jump over to the Battle of the Leverage Portfolios (Picture Perfect Portfolio Challenge) to see how the Ray Dalio All Weather Portfolio performed at each level:
- Ray Dalio All Weather Portfolio in the Battle of the 2X Leverage Portfolios
- 3X Leverage portfolio performance for the Ray Dalio All Weather Folio (coming soon)
- Wacky Ray Dalio All Weather in the 400% Leveraged Portfolio competition (coming soon)
Just as a heads up, the results are with GOLD taking up 100% of the COMMODITY sleeve given back-test data constraints from portfolio visualizer only going back to the mid 2000s with commodities.
Ray Dalio All-Weather Portfolio Performance 100%
Initial Balance: $10,000
Final Balance: $520,019
CAGR: 9.34%
RISK: 7.94%
Worst Year: -5.61%
Sharpe Ratio: 0.63
Sortino Ratio: 1.00
From 1978 until 2022 (March) a hypothetical $10,000 investment in the Ray Dalio All Weather Portfolio would have grown to $520,000.
With a CAGR of 9.34% it delivered an impressive 140 basis points outperformance over RISK at 7.94%.
Its worst year comes in at only -5.61% with a Sharpe Ratio of 0.63 and Sortino Ratio of 1.00.
Ray Dalio All-Weather Roll Period 100%
When we check out the Roll Period it is even more impressive.
The Ray Dalio All Weather Portfolio had only a low of 1 year at -11.59% with all sequence of returns being positive at a 3 year, 5 year, 7 year, 10 year and 15 year periods.
2X Ray Dalio All-Weather Portfolio Performance 200%
Initial Balance: $10,000
Final Balance: $20,069,497
CAGR: 18.75%
RISK: 15.88%
Worst Year: -11.07%
Sharpe Ratio: 0.90
Sortino Ratio: 1.55
What happens when we expand the Ray Dalio All Weather Portfolio from 100% to 200%?
In a word….
Magic.
The 2X Ray Dalio All-Weather portfolio really comes alive when a modest amount of leverage is applied.
Consider how a hypothetical backtest of $10,000 grows now to $20,069,497.
$520,000 at 1X canvas vs $20,069,497 at 2X.
Wowzers!
Moreover, the CAGR shoots up to 18.75% with a 287 basis points of outperformance versus RISK at 15.88%.
You’d think with double the leverage the Ray Dalio portfolio might fall apart a little in terms of its worst year performance.
Nope.
Just -11.07%.
Finally, it’s Sharpe Ratio of 0.90 and Sortino Ratio of 1.55 are massive improvements over the 100% canvas level as well.
This is a portfolio that is Taylor-made for leverage.
It’s time to lever up buttercup.
2X Ray Dalio All-Weather Roll Period 200%
4) Adding Uncorrelated Assets To The All Weather Portfolio
So we’ve decided to expand the canvas of the Ray Dalio All-Weather portfolio but what is it that we’re going to add if we’re not just doubling up its already existing asset classes?
Well, if we’re beating the drum of diversification is your only free lunch we’re going to run a marathon with that.
But the Ray Dalio All-Weather portfolio is already a diversification masterpiece, is it not?
Yes.
In many ways it is.
But we’ve still got various asset classes and multi-strategy enhancement opportunities.
Off the table is the following:
- Global Minimum Volatility Equities
- Long-Term Treasury
- Intermediate Treasury
- Gold
- Commodities
So what could we add?
TIPs.
Managed Futures.
Merger Arbitrage.
These all come to mind.
Let’s explore them individually.
5) TIPs Strategy To The All-Weather Portfolio
Let’s first explore adding to the fixed income/bond sleeve of the Ray Dalio All Weather portfolio.
Since we’ve already got long-term and intermediate treasury securities we’ll turn our attention towards something that is more prepared to safeguard our portfolio from inflation.
Enter the room TIPs.
In a nutshell, TIPs are treasury inflation protected securities, issued by the US government, that are designed to shield investors from declines in purchasing power by being indexed to inflation.
What jumps out to me immediately from an annual performance standpoint, when I compare TIPS with Intermediate Term Treasury and Long Term Treasury, are the years 2008 & 2009 and 2021 & 2022.
You’ll notice uncorrelated performance in 2008 when TIPS were less defensive and much stronger recovery in 2009.
In more recent times, when inflation has been persistent and pesky, TIPS have done their job by being above water in 2021 and more relatively defensive in 2022.
While Long Term Treasury and Intermediate Treasury have a correlation of 0.86 adding TIPS to the mix provides an immediately clear diversification benefit.
TIPS correlation with Long Term Treasury is 0.63 and with Intermediate Term Treasury is 0.72.
This in my opinion is a considerable diversification upgrade in the fixed income sleeve of the portfolio.
6) Trend-Following To The All-Weather Portfolio
One of the most most glaring omissions from the Ray Dalio All-Weather portfolio is a total lack of managed futures exposure.
I wrote a detailed post about the benefits of trend-following and why it is not a more popular investing strategy.
Basically, being able to go both long/short commodities, currencies, equities and bonds from a broad range of global markets adds massive diversification to the portfolio given it is an uncorrelated strategy to both stocks and bonds.
Consider 2022 for example.
When both equities and bond markets from across the globe (have by and large) been down for the year, trend-following strategies have been thriving.
Why?
Because they adapt like a chameleon to whatever is going on in the markets in terms of short-term, medium-term and long-term signals.
When equity markets are down they say “yes” to that by shorting exposure.
When bonds are down they also say “yes” to that by shorting exposure.
One other clear benefit is that this strategy isn’t nearly as volatile as Gold and Commodities allocations.
You don’t have the at times annual -20% to -40% years of volatile drawdowns.
When I examine annualized data from SG Trend index I’m noticing a worst year of only -8.11% in 2018.
SG Trend Index Returns
What I’m most impressed with is the performance of this strategy during the early 2000s and 2008 in particular.
When equities are struggling (such as in 2022) trend-following provides significant fortification to the portfolio in terms of historical backtests.
Hence, adding a managed futures trend-following strategy to our enhanced Ray Dalio All-Weather Portfolio is quite honestly a no-brainer.
7) Market Neutral Investing Strategy To The All Weather Portfolio
A market neutral investing strategy is the most conservative of all the long-short equity strategies.
Its NET exposure is often far less than its long-short brother and active extensions sister.
It seeks to select stocks it thinks will relatively outperform while shorting those that it feels are either relatively overvalued or will potentially underperform.
Managers of a market neutral strategy are seeking to profit from both increasing and decreasing prices in the marketplace.
Consider the performance of Picton Mahoney, a Canadian alternative fund provider, with its long-short market neutral mandate.
A much higher sharpe ratio than its TSX benchmark (0.81 vs 0.40) and standard deviation of 4.71% versus 17.05%.
More importantly notice the difference in terms of annual returns.
Above water in 2008 at 2.12% when equities were down -33% and again in 2015 and 2018 when equities were below water.
Adding a market-neutral strategy to the portfolio should very well improve its overall diversification.
8) Merger Arbitrage Addition To The All Weather Portfolio
Let’s add a merger arbitrage strategy to the portfolio.
I just finished interviewing Julian from Accelerate about merger arbitrage as an alternative investment strategy.
Please check it out.
Briefly, merger arbitrage is an event driven hedge fund strategy that purchases stocks of merging companies attempting to take advantage of market inefficiencies before (and/or after) a merger/acquisition.
Let’s once again consult with Picton Mahoney as they’ve been delivering results from a merger arbitrage mandate for several years.
Check out that Sharpe Ratio of 1.17!
No negative years.
A 77.45% positive months success rate.
A standard deviation = 3.75%.
We’re adding more stability/defensiveness to the portfolio with this unique strategy.
9) Mystery Asset Allocation To The All-Weather Portfolio
Here is the fun part.
I’m carving out a dedicated portion of the portfolio for you to add whatever you want.
That’s right.
It’s entirely a choose your own adventure sleeve.
When it comes to all of the potential options to consider for this totally flexible “mystery asset allocation” sleeve here are a few options that come to mind:
- Private Equity
- Managed Futures (Global Systematic strategies other than trend-following)
- Crypto Currency
- Active Extension Equities 130/30
- NFTs
- Art, Wine, Collectibles
- REITs
- Real Assets
- Private Debt
- Factor Optimized Equities (Value, Momentum, Quality, Size, Yield)
- Reinsurance
Personally, I’d probably choose a few of these at 2-3% slices but that’s just me.
Whatever you’d do with this 10% is entirely subjective.
I believe investing should also be “fun” and not just a boring procedure, so this 10% might seem trivial but I’m hoping it provides a creative outlet for those who are curious about certain asset classes/strategies but never pursued them before.
Have a little bit of fun.
Life is short.
10) All Weather Tail Protection Addition
Let’s slap a little insurance on this portfolio for those rare black swan events.
How can we do this?
By adding tail protection.
Tail risk arises when the portfolio (typically equities) moves three standard deviations from the mean.
It’s a rare event.
But let’s be prepared for it.
One of the easiest ways we can add insurance to the portfolio is by purchasing put options at various strike prices that trigger if/when a severe equity drawdown takes place.
Think 2008 levels.
We’ve got other elements in our portfolio that will be conspiring to keep our portfolio above water in this type of scenario but adding tail risk protection is just another way we can “diversify our diversifiers” as some folks in this industry love to say.
Enhanced Ray Dalio All Weather Portfolio
Now that we’ve made 10 different adjustments to potentially improve the Ray Dalio All Weather Portfolio what do we have as the final asset allocation?
New Ray Dalio All Weather Portfolio
30% Global Minimum Minimum Volatility Equities
40% Long Term Treasury Bonds
15% Intermediate Term Treasury Bonds
7.5% Gold
7.5% Commodities
40% Managed Futures (Trend-Following)
20% TIPS (Treasury Inflation Protected Securities)
15% Market Neutral Equities
10% Merger Arbitrage Strategy
10% Wildcard (Crypto, NFTs, Reinsurance, Factor Equities, ETC. Whatever you want!)
5% Tail Protection Strategy
That’s quite a few enhancements!
To recap briefly the only thing we tinkered with in terms of the original Ray Dalio All Weather portfolio was ultimately going global with equities and choosing minimum volatility as our factor as opposed to market-cap weighting.
The rest of the “classic configuration” stays the same with 40% Long Term Treasury, 15% Intermediate Term Treasury, 7.5% Gold and 7.5% Commodities.
For the additional 100% layer we’ve added 40% Managed futures, 20% TIPS, 15% Market-Neutral Equities, 10% Merger Arbitrage, 10% Whatever You Want and 5% Tail Protection.
The primary goal of the expanded canvas was to add uniquely uncorrelated (or less correlated) multi-asset class strategies as additional layers of return streams while boosting overall portfolio diversification.
I’m happy with what we’ve been able to accomplish here.
In fact, it is quite similar to the All Weather Picture Perfect Portfolio I’ve designed.
I could easily ride this portfolio off into the sunset as I believe it’ll provide a beautiful intersection of returns meets risk management.
But that’s just my opinion.
I’m interested in yours.
Do you think this is an improvement over the original Ray Dalio All Weather Portfolio or would you have just left things the same?
Please let me know in the comment section below.
If you enjoyed this article I think you might also like “10 Ways Investors Can Improve A 60/40 Portfolio | Ultimate Enhanced 60/40 Portfolio With ETFs” where we expand the canvas to add alternative sources of returns in addition to what is classically provided with equities and bonds.
Important Information
Investment Disclaimer: The content provided here is for informational purposes only and does not constitute financial, investment, tax or professional advice. Investments carry risks and are not guaranteed; errors in data may occur. Past performance, including backtest results, does not guarantee future outcomes. Please note that indexes are benchmarks and not directly investable. All examples are purely hypothetical. Do your own due diligence. You should conduct your own research and consult a professional advisor before making investment decisions.
“Picture Perfect Portfolios” does not endorse or guarantee the accuracy of the information in this post and is not responsible for any financial losses or damages incurred from relying on this information. Investing involves the risk of loss and is not suitable for all investors. When it comes to capital efficiency, using leverage (or leveraged products) in investing amplifies both potential gains and losses, making it possible to lose more than your initial investment. It involves higher risk and costs, including possible margin calls and interest expenses, which can adversely affect your financial condition. The views and opinions expressed in this post are solely those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of anyone else. You can read my complete disclaimer here.
Happy thanksgiving!! Could you recommend which minimum volatility etf and which arbitrage funds you would recommend? Did you use leveraged etfs for the original all weather portion?
Hi, how was the portfolio rebalanced in your all weather portfolio performance charts?
Very informative post! Thanks for sharing.
Your allocations don’t add up to 100% …..but I good read nevertheless.
How you get the 2x portfolio ?